Q57
What benefits hath Christ procured by his mediation?
Christ, by his mediation, hath procured redemption, with all other benefits of the covenant of grace.
Heb. 9:12 · 2 Cor. 1:20
Q58
How do we come to be made partakers of the benefits which Christ hath procured?
We are made partakers of the benefits which Christ hath procured, by the application of them unto us, which is the work especially of God the Holy Ghost.
John 1:11-12 · Titus 3:5-6
Q59
Who are made partakers of redemption through Christ?
Redemption is certainly applied, and effectually communicated, to all those for whom Christ hath purchased it; who are in time by the Holy Ghost enabled to believe in Christ according to the gospel.
Eph. 1:13-14 · John 6:37,39 · John 10:15-16 · Eph. 2:8 · 2 Cor. 4:13
Q60
Can they who have never heard the gospel, and so know not Jesus Christ, nor believe in him, be saved by their living according to the light of nature?
They who, having never heard the gospel, know not Jesus Christ, and believe not in him, cannot be saved, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature, or the laws of that religion which they profess; neither is there salvation in any other, but in Christ alone, who is the Savior only of his body the church.
Rom. 10:14 · 2 Thess. 1:8-9 · Eph. 2:12 · John 1:10-12 · John 8:24 · Mark 16:16 · 1 Cor. 1:20-24 · John 4:22 · Rom. 9:31-32 · Phil. 3:4-9 · Acts 4:12 · Eph. 5:23
Q61
Are all they saved who hear the gospel, and live in the church?
All that hear the gospel, and live in the visible church, are not saved; but they only who are true members of the church invisible.
John 12:38-40 · Rom. 9:6 · Rom. 11:7 · Matt. 7:21 · Matt. 22:14
Q62
What is the visible church?
The visible church is a society made up of all such as in all ages and places of the world do profess the true religion, and of their children.
1 Cor. 1:2 · 1 Cor. 12:13 · Rom. 15:9-12 · Rev. 7:9 · Ps. 2:8 · Ps. 22:27-31 · Ps. 45:17 · Matt. 28:19-20 · Isa. 59:21 · 1 Cor. 7:14 · Acts 2:39 · Rom. 11:16 · Gen. 17:7
Q63
What are the special privileges of the visible church?
The visible church hath the privilege of being under God's special care and government; of being protected and preserved in all ages, not withstanding the opposition of all enemies; and of enjoying the communion of saints, the ordinary means of salvation, and offers of grace by Christ to all the members of it in the ministry of the gospel, testifying, that whosoever believes in him shall be saved, and excluding none that will come unto him.
Isa. 4:5-6 · 1 Tim. 4:10 · Ps. 115:1-2,9 · Isa. 31:4-5 · Zech. 12:2-4,8-9 · Acts 2:39,42 · Ps. 147:19-20 · Rom. 9:4 · Eph. 4:11-12 · Mark 16:15-16 · John 6:37
Q64
What is the invisible church?
The invisible church is the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one under Christ the head.
Eph. 1:20,22-23 · John 10:16 · John 11:52
Q65
What special benefits do the members of the invisible church enjoy by Christ?
The members of the invisible church by Christ enjoy union and communion with him in grace and glory.
John 17:21,24 · Eph. 2:5-6
Q66
What is that union which the elect have with Christ?
The union which the elect have with Christ is the work of God's grace, whereby they are spiritually and mystically, yet really and inseparably, joined to Christ as their head and husband; which is done in their effectual calling.
Eph. 1:22 · Eph. 2:6-8 · 1 Cor. 6:17 · John 10:28 · Eph. 5:23,30 · 1 Pet. 5:10 · 1 Cor. 1:9
Q67
What is effectual calling?
Effectual calling is the work of God's almighty power and grace, whereby (out of his free and special love to his elect, and from nothing in them moving him thereunto ) he doth, in his accepted time, invite and draw them to Jesus Christ, by his word and Spirit; savingly enlightening their minds, renewing and powerfully determining their wills, so as they (although in themselves dead in sin) are hereby made willing and able freely to answer his call, and to accept and embrace the grace offered and conveyed therein.
John 5:25 · Eph. 1:18-20 · 2 Tim. 1:8-9 · Titus 3:4-5 · Eph. 2:4-5,7-9 · Rom. 9:11 · 2 Cor. 5:20 · 2 Cor. 6:1-2 · John 6:44 · 2 Thess. 2:13-14 · Acts 26:18 · 1 Cor. 2:10,12 · Ezek. 11:19 · Ezek. 36:26-27 · John 6:45 · Eph. 2:5 · Phil. 2:13 · Deut. 30:6
Q68
Are the elect only effectually called?
All the elect, and they only, are effectually called; although others may be, and often are, outwardly called by the ministry of the word, and have some common operations of the Spirit; who, for their wilful neglect and contempt of the grace offered to them, being justly left in their unbelief, do never truly come to Jesus Christ.
Acts 13:48 · Matt. 22:14 · Matt. 7:22 · Matt. 13:20-21 · Heb. 6:4-6 · John 6:64-65 · John 12:38-40 · Acts 18:25-27 · Ps. 81:11-12
Q69
What is the communion in grace which the members of the invisible church have with Christ?
The communion in grace which the members of the invisible church have with Christ, is their partaking of the virtue of his mediation, in their justification, adoption, sanctification, and whatever else, in this life, manifests their union with him.
Rom. 8:30 · Eph. 1:5 · 1 Cor. 1:30
Q70
What is justification?
Justification is an act of God's free grace unto sinners, in which he pardoneth all their sins, accepteth and accounteth their persons righteous in his sight; not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them, but only for the perfect obedience and full satisfaction of Christ, by God imputed to them, and received by faith alone.
Rom. 3:22,24-25 · Rom. 4:5 · 2 Cor. 5:19,21 · Rom. 3:22-25,27-28 · Titus 3:5,7 · Eph. 1:7 · Rom. 4:6-8 · Rom. 5:17-19 · Acts 10:43 · Gal. 2:16 · Phil. 3:9
Q71
How is justification an act of God's free grace?
Although Christ, by his obedience and death, did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to God's justice in the behalf of them that are justified; yet inasmuch as God accepteth the satisfaction from a surety, which he might have demanded of them, and did provide this surety, his own only Son, imputing his righteousness to them, and requiring nothing of them for their justification but faith, which also is his gift, their justification is to them of free grace.
Rom. 5:8-10,19 · 2 Tim. 2:5-6 · Heb. 7:22 · Heb. 10:10 · Matt. 20:28 · Dan. 9:24,26 · Isa. 53:4-6,10-12 · Rom. 8:32 · 1 Pet. 1:18-19 · 2 Cor. 5:21 · Rom. 3:24-25 · Eph. 2:8 · Eph. 1:7
Q72
What is justifying faith?
Justifying faith is a saving grace, wrought in the heart of a sinner by the Spirit and word of God, whereby he, being convinced of his sin and misery, and of the disability in himself and all other creatures to recover him out of his lost condition, not only assenteth to the truth of the promise of the gospel, but receiveth and resteth upon Christ and his righteousness, therein held forth, for pardon of sin, and for the accepting and accounting of his person righteous in the sight of God for salvation.
Heb. 10:39 · 2 Cor. 4:13 · Eph. 1:17-19 · Rom. 10:14,17 · Acts 2:37 · Acts 4:12 · Acts 16:30 · John 16:8-9 · Rom. 5:6 · Eph. 2:1 · Eph. 1:13 · John 1:12 · Acts 10:43 · Acts 16:31 · Phil. 3:9 · Acts 15:11
Q73
How doth faith justify a sinner in the sight of God?
Faith justifies a sinner in the sight of God, not because of those other graces which do always accompany it, or of good works that are the fruits of it, nor as if the grace of faith, or any act thereof, were imputed to him for his justification; but only as it is an instrument by which he receiveth and applies Christ and his righteousness.
Gal. 3:11 · Rom. 3:28 · Rom. 4:5 · Rom. 10:10 · John 1:12 · Phil. 3:9 · Gal. 2:16
Q74
What is adoption?
Adoption is an act of the free grace of God, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ, whereby all those that are justified are received into the number of his children, have his name put upon them, the Spirit of his Son given to them, are under his fatherly care and dispensations, admitted to all the liberties and privileges of the sons of God, made heirs of all the promises, and fellow heirs with Christ in glory.
1 John 3:1 · Eph. 1:5 · Gal. 4:4-5 · John 1:12 · 2 Cor. 4:18 · Rev. 3:12 · Gal. 4:6 · Ps. 103:13 · Prov. 14:26 · Matt. 6:32 · Heb. 6:12 · Rom. 8:17
Q75
What is sanctification?
Sanctification is a work of God's grace, whereby they whom God hath, before the foundation of the world, chosen to be holy, are in time, through the powerful operation of his Spirit applying the death and resurrection of Christ unto them, renewed in their whole man after the image of God; having the seeds of repentance unto life, and all other saving graces, put into their hearts, and those graces so stirred up, increased, and strengthened, as that they more and more die unto sin, and rise unto newness of life.
Eph. 1:4 · 1 Cor. 6:11 · 2 Thess. 2:13 · Rom. 6:4-6 · Eph. 4:23-24 · Acts 11:18 · 1 John 3:9 · Jude 1:20 · Heb. 6:11-12 · Eph. 3:16-19 · Col. 1:10-11 · Rom. 6:4 · Rom. 6:14 · Gal. 5:24
Q76
What is repentance unto life?
Repentance unto life is a saving grace, wrought in the heart of a sinner by the Spirit and word of God, whereby, out of the sight and sense, not only of the danger, but also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins, and upon the apprehension of God's mercy in Christ to such as are penitent, he so grieves for and hates his sins, as that he turns from them all to God, purposing and endeavoring constantly to walk with him in all the ways of new obedience.
2 Tim. 2:25 · Zech. 12:10 · Acts 11:18,20-21 · Ezek. 18:28,30,32 · Luke 15:17-18 · Hos. 2:6-7 · Ezek. 36:31 · Isa. 30:22 · Joel 2:12-13 · Jer. 31:18-19 · 2 Cor. 7:11 · Acts 26:18 · Ezek. 14:6 · 1 Kings 8:47-48 · Ps. 119:6,59,128 · Luke 1:6 · 2 Kings 23:25
Q77
Wherein do justification and sanctification differ?
Although sanctification be inseparably joined with justification, yet they differ, in that God in justification imputeth the righteousness of Christ; in sanctification his Spirit infuseth grace, and enableth to the exercise thereof; in the former, sin is pardoned; in the other, it is subdued: the one doth equally free all believers from the revenging wrath of God, and that perfectly in this life, that they never fall into condemnation; the other is neither equal in all, nor in this life perfect in any, but growing up to perfection.
1 Cor. 1:30 · 1 Cor. 6:11 · Rom. 4:6,8 · Ezek. 36:27 · Rom. 3:24-25 · Rom. 6:6,14 · Rom. 8:33-34 · 1 John 2:12-14 · Heb. 5:12-14 · 1 John 1:8,10 · 2 Cor. 7:1 · Phil. 3:12-14
Q78
Whence ariseth the imperfection of sanctification in believers?
The imperfection of sanctification in believers ariseth from the remnants of sin abiding in every part of them, and the perpetual lustings of the flesh against the spirit; whereby they are often foiled with temptations, and fall into many sins, are hindered in all their spiritual services, and their best works are imperfect and defiled in the sight of God.
Rom. 7:18,23 · Mark 14:66-72 · Gal. 2:11-12 · Heb. 12:1 · Isa. 64:6 · Ex. 28:38
Q79
May not true believers, by reason of their imperfections, and the many temptations and sins they are overtaken with, fall away from the state of grace ?
True believers, by reason of the unchangeable love of God, and his decree and covenant to give them perseverance, their inseparable union with Christ, his continual intercession for them, and the Spirit and seed of God abiding in them, can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace, but are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation.
Jer. 31:3 · 2 Tim. 2:19-21 · 2 Sam. 23:5 · 1 Cor. 1:8-9 · Heb. 7:25 · Luke 22:32 · 1 John 2:27 · 1 John 3:9 · Jer. 32:40 · John 10:28 · 1 Pet. 1:5
Q80
Can true believers be infallibly assured that they are in the estate of grace, and that they shall persevere therein unto salvation?
Such as truly believe in Christ, and endeavor to walk in all good conscience before him, may, without extraordinary revelation, by faith grounded upon the truth of God's promises, and by the Spirit enabling them to discern in themselves those graces to which the promises of life are made, and bearing witness with their spirits that they are the children of God, be infallibly assured that they are in the estate of grace, and shall persevere therein unto salvation.
1 John 2:3 · 1 Cor. 2:12 · 1 John 3:14,18-19,21,24 · 1 John 4:13,16 · Heb. 6:11-12 · Rom. 8:16 · 1 John 5:13
Q81
Are all true believers at all times assured of their present being in the estate of grace, and that they shall be saved?
Assurance of grace and salvation not being of the essence of faith, true believers may wait long before they obtain it; and, after the enjoyment thereof, may have it weakened and intermitted, through manifold distempers, sins, temptations, and desertions; yet are they never left without such a presence and support of the Spirit of God as keeps them from sinking into utter despair.
Eph. 1:13 · Isa. 50:10 · Ps. 88 · Ps. 22:1 · Ps. 31:22 · Ps. 51:8,12 · Ps. 77:1-12 · Song 5:2-3,6 · 1 John 3:9 · Job 13:15 · Ps. 73:15,23 · Isa. 54:7-10
Q82
What is the communion in glory which the members of the invisible church have with Christ?
The communion in glory which the members of the invisible church have with Christ, is in this life, immediately after death, and at last perfected at the resurrection and day of judgment.
2 Cor. 3:18 · Luke 23:43 · 1 Thess. 4:17
Q83
What is the communion in glory with Christ which the members of the invisible church enjoy in this life?
The members of the invisible church have communicated to them in this life the firstfruits of glory with Christ, as they are members of him their head, and so in him are interested in that glory which he is fully possessed of; and, as an earnest thereof, enjoy the sense of God's love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, and hope of glory; as, on the contrary, sense of God's revenging wrath, horror of conscience, and a fearful expectation of judgment, are to the wicked the beginning of their torments which they shall endure after death.
Eph. 2:5 · Rom. 5:5 · 2 Cor. 1:22 · Rom. 5:1-2 · Rom. 14:17 · Gen. 4:13 · Matt. 27:4 · Heb. 10:27 · Rom. 2:9 · Mark 9:44
Q84
Shall all men die?
Death being threatened as the wages of sin, it is appointed unto all men once to die; for that all have sinned.
Rom. 6:23 · Heb. 9:27 · Rom. 5:12
Q85
Death, being the wages of sin, why are not the righteous delivered from death, seeing all their sins are forgiven in Christ?
The righteous shall be delivered from death itself at the last day, and even in death are delivered from the sting and curse of it; so that, although they die, yet it is out of God's love, to free them perfectly from sin and misery, and to make them capable of further communion with Christ in glory, which they then enter upon.
1 Cor. 15:26,55-57 · Heb. 2:15 · Isa. 57:1-2 · 2 Kings 22:20 · Rev. 14:13 · Eph. 5:27 · Luke 23:43 · Phil. 1:23
Q86
What is the communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible church enjoy immediately after death ?
The communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible church enjoy immediately after death, is, in that their souls are then made perfect in holiness, and received into the highest heavens, where they behold the face of God in light and glory, waiting for the full redemption of their bodies, which even in death continue united to Christ, and rest in their graves as in their beds, till at the last day they be again united to their souls. Whereas the souls of the wicked are at their death cast into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darkness, and their bodies kept in their graves, as in their prisons, till the resurrection and judgment of the great day.
Heb. 12:23 · 2 Cor. 5:1,6,8 · Phil. 1:23 · Acts 3:21 · Eph. 4:10 · 1 John 3:2 · 1 Cor. 13:12 · Rom. 8:23 · Ps. 16:9 · 1 Thess. 4:14 · Isa. 57:2 · Job 19:26-27 · Luke 16:23-24 · Acts 1:25 · Jude 1:6-7
Q87
What are we to believe concerning the resurrection?
We are to believe, that at the last day there shall be a general resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust: when they that are then found alive shall in a moment be changed; and the selfsame bodies of the dead which were laid in the grave, being then again united to their souls forever, shall be raised up by the power of Christ. The bodies of the just, by the Spirit of Christ, and by virtue of his resurrection as their head, shall be raised in power, spiritual, incorruptible, and made like to his glorious body; and the bodies of the wicked shall be raised up in dishonor by him, as an offended judge.
Acts 24:15 · 1 Cor. 15:51-53 · 1 Thess. 4:15-17 · John 5:28-29 · 1 Cor. 15:21-23,42-44 · Phil. 3:21 · John 5:27-29 · Matt. 25:33
Q88
What shall immediately follow after the resurrection?
Immediately after the resurrection shall follow the general and final judgment of angels and men; the day and hour whereof no man knows, that all may watch and pray, and be ever ready for the coming of the Lord.
2 Pet. 2:4 · Jude 1:6-7,14-15 · Matt. 25:46 · Matt. 24:36,42,44 · Luke 21:35-36
Q89
What shall be done to the wicked at the day of judgment?
At the day of judgment, the wicked shall be set on Christ's left hand, and, upon clear evidence, and full conviction of their own consciences, shall have the fearful but just sentence of condemnation pronounced against them; and thereupon shall be cast out from the favorable presence of God, and the glorious fellowship with Christ, his saints, and all his holy angels, into hell, to be punished with unspeakable torments, both of body and soul, with the devil and his angels forever.
Matt. 25:33 · Rom. 2:15-16 · Matt. 25:41-43 · Luke 16:26 · 2 Thess. 1:8-9
Q90
What shall be done to the righteous at the day of judgment?
At the day of judgment, the righteous, being caught up to Christ in the clouds, shall be set on his right hand, and there openly acknowledged and acquitted, shall join with him in the judging of reprobate angels and men, and shall be received into heaven, where they shall be fully and forever freed from all sin and misery; filled with inconceivable joys, made perfectly holy and happy both in body and soul, in the company of innumerable saints and holy angels, but especially in the immediate vision and fruition of God the Father, of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit, to all eternity. And this is the perfect and full communion, which the members of the invisible church shall enjoy with Christ in glory, at the resurrection and day of judgment.
1 Thess. 4:17 · Matt. 10:32 · Matt. 25:33 · 1 Cor. 6:2-3 · Matt. 25:34,46 · Eph. 5:27 · Rev. 14:13 · Ps. 16:11 · Heb. 12:22-23 · 1 John 3:2 · 1 Cor. 13:12 · 1 Thess. 4:17-18