Q30
Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?
God doth not leave all men to perish in the estate of sin and misery, into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Works; but of his mere love and mercy delivereth his elect out of it, and bringeth them into an estate of salvation by the second covenant, commonly called the Covenant of Grace.
1 Thess. 5:9 · Gal. 3:10,12 · Titus 3:4-7 · Gal. 3:21 · Rom. 3:20-22
Q31
With whom was the covenant of grace made?
The covenant of grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed.
Gal. 3:16 · Rom. 5:15-21 · Isa. 53:10-11
Q32
How is the grace of God manifested in the second covenant?
The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to sinners a Mediator, and life and salvation by him; and requiring faith as the condition to interest them in him, promiseth and giveth his Holy Spirit to all his elect, to work in them that faith, with all other saving graces; and to enable them unto all holy obedience, as the evidence of the truth of their faith and thankfulness to God, and as the way which he hath appointed them to salvation.
Gen. 3:15 · Isa. 42:6 · John 6:27 · 1 John 5:11-12 · John 1:12 · John 3:16 · Prov. 1:23 · 2 Cor. 4:13 · Gal. 5:22-23 · Ezek. 36:27 · Jas. 2:18,22
Q33
Was the covenant of grace always administered after one and the same manner?
The covenant of grace was not always administered after the same manner, but the administrations of it under the Old Testament were different from those under the New.
2 Cor. 3:6-9
Q34
How was the covenant of grace administered under the Old Testament?
The covenant of grace was administered under the Old Testament, by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the passover, and other types and ordinances, which did all foresignify Christ then to come, and were for that time sufficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah, by whom they then had full remission of sin, and eternal salvation.
Rom. 15:8 · Acts 3:20,24 · Heb. 10:1 · Rom. 4:11 · 1 Cor. 5:7 · Heb. 8 · Heb. 10 · Heb. 11:13 · Gal. 3:7-9,14
Q35
How is the covenant of grace administered under the New Testament?
Under the New Testament, when Christ the substance was exhibited, the same covenant of grace was and still is to be administered in the preaching of the word, and the administration of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper; in which grace and salvation are held forth in more fulness, evidence, and efficacy, to all nations.
Mark 16:15 · Matt. 28:19-20 · 1 Cor. 11:23-25 · 2 Cor. 3:6-9 · Heb. 8:6,10-11 · Matt. 28:19
Q36
Who is the Mediator of the covenant of grace?
The only Mediator of the covenant of grace is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, of one substance and equal with the Father, in the fulness of time became man, and so was and continues to be God and man, in two entire distinct natures, and one person, forever.
1 Tim. 2:5 · John 1:1,14 · John 10:30 · Phil. 2:6 · Gal. 4:4 · Luke 1:35 · Rom. 9:5 · Col. 2:9 · Heb. 7:24-25
Q37
How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?
Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the virgin Mary, of her substance, and born of her, yet without sin.
John 1:14 · Matt. 26:38 · Luke 1:27,31,35,42 · Gal. 4:4 · Heb. 4:15 · Heb. 7:26
Q38
Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God?
It was requisite that the Mediator should be God, that he might sustain and keep the human nature from sinking under the infinite wrath of God, and the power of death; give worth and efficacy to his sufferings, obedience, and intercession; and to satisfy God's justice, procure his favor, purchase a peculiar people, give his Spirit to them, conquer all their enemies, and bring them to everlasting salvation.
Acts 2:24-25 · Rom. 1:4 · Rom. 4:25 · Heb. 9:14 · Acts 20:28 · Heb. 7:25-28 · Heb. 9:14 · Rom. 3:24-26 · Eph. 1:6 · Matt. 3:17 · Titus 2:13-14 · Gal. 4:6 · Luke 1:68-69,71,74 · Heb. 5:8-9 · Heb. 9:11-15
Q39
Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be man?
It was requisite that the Mediator should be man, that he might advance our nature, perform obedience to the law, suffer and make intercession for us in our nature, have a fellow feeling of our infirmities; that we might receive the adoption of sons, and have comfort and access with boldness unto the throne of grace.
Heb. 2:16 · Gal. 4:4 · Heb. 2:14 · Heb. 7:24-25 · Heb. 4:15 · Gal. 4:5 · Heb. 4:16
Q40
Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God and man in one person ?
It was requisite that the Mediator, who was to reconcile God and man, should himself be both God and man, and this in one person, that the proper works of each nature might be accepted of God for us, and relied on by us, as the works of the whole person.
Matt. 1:21,23 · Matt. 3:17 · Heb. 9:14 · 1 Pet. 2:6
Q41
Why was our Mediator called Jesus?
Our Mediator was called Jesus, because he saveth his people from their sins.
Matt. 1:21
Q42
Why was our Mediator called Christ?
Our Mediator was called Christ, because he was anointed with the Holy Ghost above measure; and so set apart, and fully furnished with all authority and ability, to execute the offices of prophet, priest, and king of his church, in the estate both of his humiliation and exaltation.
John 3:34 · Ps. 45:7 · John 6:27 · Matt. 28:18-20 · Acts 3:21-22 · Luke 4:18,21 · Heb. 4:14-15 · Heb. 5:5-7 · Ps. 2:6 · Matt. 21:5 · Isa. 9:6-7 · Phil. 2:8-11
Q43
How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet?
Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in his revealing to the church, in all ages, by his Spirit and word, in divers ways of administration, the whole will of God, in all things concerning their edification and salvation.
John 1:18 · 1 Pet. 1:10-12 · Heb. 1:1-2 · John 15:15 · Acts 20:32 · Eph. 4:11-13 · John 20:31
Q44
How doth Christ execute the office of a priest?
Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering himself a sacrifice without spot to God, to be a reconciliation for the sins of his people; and in making continual intercession for them.
Heb. 9:14,28 · Heb. 2:17 · Heb. 7:25
Q45
How doth Christ execute the office of a king?
Christ executeth the office of a king, in calling out of the world a people to himself, and giving them officers, laws, and censures, by which he visibly governs them; in bestowing saving grace upon his elect, rewarding their obedience, and correcting them for their sins, preserving and supporting them under all their temptations and sufferings, restraining and overcoming all their enemies, and powerfully ordering all things for his own glory, and their good; and also in taking vengeance on the rest, who know not God, and obey not the gospel.
Acts 15:14-16 · Isa. 4:4-5 · Gen. 49:10 · Ps. 110:3 · Eph. 4:11-12 · 1 Cor. 12:28 · Isa. 33:22 · Matt. 18:17-18 · 1 Cor. 5:4-5 · Acts 5:31 · Rev. 2:10 · Rev. 22:12 · Rev. 3:19 · Isa. 63:9 · 1 Cor. 15:25 · Ps. 110:1-2 · Rom. 14:10-11 · Rom. 8:28 · 2 Thess. 1:8-9 · Ps. 2:8-9
Q46
What was the estate of Christ's humiliation?
The estate of Christ's humiliation was that low condition, wherein he for our sakes, emptying himself of his glory, took upon him the form of a servant, in his conception and birth, life, death, and after his death, until his resurrection.
Phil. 2:6-8 · Luke 1:31 · 2 Cor. 8:9 · Acts 2:24
Q47
How did Christ humble himself in his conception and birth?
Christ humbled himself in his conception and birth, in that, being from all eternity the Son of God, in the bosom of the Father, he was pleased in the fulness of time to become the son of man, made of a woman of low estate, and to be born of her; with divers circumstances of more than ordinary abasement.
John 1:14,18 · Gal. 4:4 · Luke 2:7
Q48
How did Christ humble himself in his life?
Christ humbled himself in his life, by subjecting himself to the law, which he perfectly fulfilled; and by conflicting with the indignities of the world, temptations of Satan, and infirmities in his flesh, whether common to the nature of man, or particularly accompanying that his low condition.
Gal. 4:4 · Matt. 5:17 · Rom. 5:19 · Ps. 22:6 · Heb. 12:2-3 · Matt. 4:1-12 · Luke 4:13 · Heb. 2:17-18 · Heb. 4:15 · Isa. 52:13-14
Q49
How did Christ humble himself in his death?
Christ humbled himself in his death, in that having been betrayed by Judas, forsaken by his disciples, scorned and rejected by the world, condemned by Pilate, and tormented by his persecutors; having also conflicted with the terrors of death, and the powers of darkness, felt and borne the weight of God's wrath, he laid down his life an offering for sin, enduring the painful, shameful, and cursed death of the cross.
Matt. 27:4 · Matt. 26:56 · Isa. 53:2-3 · Matt. 27:26-50 · John 19:34 · Luke 22:44 · Matt. 27:46 · Isa. 53:10 · Phil. 2:8 · Heb. 12:2 · Gal. 3:13
Q50
Wherein consisted Christ's humiliation after his death?
Christ's humiliation after his death consisted in his being buried, and continuing in the state of the dead, and under the power of death till the third day; which hath been otherwise expressed in these words, he descended into hell.
1 Cor. 15:3-4 · Ps. 16:10 · Acts 2:24-27,31 · Rom. 6:9 · Matt. 12:40
Q51
What was the estate of Christ's exaltation?
The estate of Christ's exaltation comprehendeth his resurrection, ascension, sitting at the right hand of the Father, and his coming again to judge the world.
1 Cor. 15:4 · Mark 16:19 · Eph. 1:20 · Acts 1:11 · Acts 17:31
Q52
How was Christ exalted in his resurrection?
Christ was exalted in his resurrection, in that, not having seen corruption in death (of which it was not possible for him to be held), and having the very same body in which he suffered, with the essential properties thereof (but without mortality, and other common infirmities belonging to this life), really united to his soul, he rose again from the dead the third day by his own power; whereby he declared himself to be the Son of God, to have satisfied divine justice, to have vanquished death, and him that had the power of it, and to be Lord of quick and dead: all which he did as a public person, the head of his church, for their justification, quickening in grace, support against enemies, and to assure them of their resurrection from the dead at the last day.
Acts 2:24,27 · Luke 24:39 · Rom. 6:9 · Rev. 1:18 · John 10:18 · Rom. 1:4 · Rom. 8:34 · Heb. 2:14 · Rom. 14:9 · 1 Cor. 15:21-22 · Eph. 1:20,22-23 · Col. 1:18 · Rom. 4:25 · Eph. 2:1,5-6 · Col. 2:12 · 1 Cor. 15:25-27 · 1 Cor. 15:20
Q53
How was Christ exalted in his ascension?
Christ was exalted in his ascension, in that having after his resurrection often appeared unto and conversed with his apostles, speaking to them of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God, and giving them commission to preach the gospel to all nations, forty days after his resurrection, he, in our nature, and as our head, triumphing over enemies, visibly went up into the highest heavens, there to receive gifts for men, to raise up our affections thither, and to prepare a place for us, where himself is, and shall continue till his second coming at the end of the world.
Acts 1:2-3 · Matt. 28:19-20 · Heb. 6:20 · Eph. 4:8 · Acts 1:9-11 · Eph. 4:10 · Ps. 68:18 · Col. 3:1-2 · John 14:3 · Acts 3:21
Q54
How is Christ exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God?
Christ is exalted in his sitting at the right hand of God, in that as God-man he is advanced to the highest favor with God the Father, with all fulness of joy, glory, and power over all things in heaven and earth; and doth gather and defend his church, and subdue their enemies; furnisheth his ministers and people with gifts and graces, and maketh intercession for them.
Phil. 2:9 · Acts 2:28 · Ps. 16:11 · John 17:5 · Eph. 1:22 · 1 Pet. 3:22 · Eph. 4:10-12 · Ps. 110:1 · Rom. 8:34
Q55
How doth Christ make intercession?
Christ maketh intercession, by his appearing in our nature continually before the Father in heaven, in the merit of his obedience and sacrifice on earth, declaring his will to have it applied to all believers; answering all accusations against them, and procuring for them quiet of conscience, notwithstanding daily failings, access with boldness to the throne of grace, and acceptance of their persons and services.
Heb. 9:12,24 · Heb. 1:3 · John 3:16 · John 17:9,20,24 · Rom. 8:33-34 · Rom. 5:1-2 · 1 John 2:1-2 · Heb. 4:16 · Eph. 1:6 · 1 Pet. 2:5
Q56
How is Christ to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world?
Christ is to be exalted in his coming again to judge the world, in that he, who was unjustly judged and condemned by wicked men, shall come again at the last day in great power, and in the full manifestation of his own glory, and of his Father's, with all his holy angels, with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God, to judge the world in righteousness.
Acts 3:14-15 · Matt. 14:30 · Luke 9:26 · Matt. 25:31 · 1 Thess. 4:16 · Acts 17:31